History of Indian Cinema - The Journey of Bollywood Industry. April 9, 2. 01. 5The history of Indian Cinema goes back to the nineteenth century. In 1. 89. 6, the very first films shot by the Lumiere Brothers were shown in Mumbai (then Bombay). But history was actually created when Harishchandra Sakharam Bhatavdekar popularly known as Save Dada, the still photographer, was so much influenced by the Lumiere Brothers’ production that he ordered a camera from England. His first film was shot at the Hanging Gardens in Mumbai, known as . It was a simple recording of a wrestling match which was screened in 1. Indian Film Industry. Beginning of Bollywood. Father of Indian Cinema, Dadasaheb Phalke released the first ever full- length feature film . The silent film was a commercial success. Dadasaheb was not only the producer but was also the director, writer, cameraman, editor, make- up artist and art director. Raja Harischandra was the first- ever Indian film which was screened in London in 1. Though Indian Cinema’s first mogul, Dadasaheb Phalke supervised and managed the production of twenty three films from 1. Indian Film Industry was not as fast as that of Hollywood. Numerous new production companies emerged in the early 1. Films based on mythological and historical facts and episodes from Mahabharata and Ramayana dominated the 2. Indian audiences also welcomed Hollywood movies, especially the action films. Beginning of the Talkies. We will almost certainly be accused of acts of. Riya Xvxx Sex Xxx Dirty Image.! Riya Xvxx Sex Xxx Dirty Image!! Riya Xvxx Sex Xxx Dirty Image!! Riya Xvxx Sex Xxx Dirty Image. In the year 2008-09 the Indian film Industry contributed $6.2 billion to India's GDP while employing 1.8 million people according to a study prepared by. The first ever talkie . It was the first sound film in India. The release of Alam Ara started a new era in the history of Indian Cinema. Phiroz Shah was the first music director of Alam Ara. The first song which was recorded for Alam Ara in 1. It was sung by W. M. Khan. Thereafter, several production companies emerged leading to an increase in the release of the number of films. During this time, huge movie halls were built and there was a significant growth in the number of audiences. During the 1. 93. Debaki Bose, Chetan Anand, S. S. Vasan, Nitin Bose and many others emerged on the scene. Growth of Regional Films. Not only did the country witness the growth of Hindi Cinema, but the regional film industry also made its own mark. The first Bengali feature film . Madan with Italian actors in the leading roles. It was photographed by Jyotish Sarkar. The year 1. 91. 9 saw the screening of the first silent South Indian feature film named . The movie was made by R. Nataraja Mudaliar of Madras (Chennai). Dadasaheb Phalke’s daughter Manadakini was the first female child star who acted as the child Krishna in Phalke’s . Apart from Bengali and South Indian languages, regional films were also made in other languages such as Assamese, Oriya, Punjabi, Marathi, and many more. Shantaram in 1. 93. This film was made in double version. Basically the birth of modern Indian Film industry took place around 1. The period witnessed a remarkable and outstanding transformation of the film industry. Notable filmmakers like Satyajit Ray, and Bimal Roy made movies which focused on the survival and daily miseries of the lower class. The historical and mythological subjects took a back seat and the films with social messages began to dominate the industry. These films were based on themes such as prostitution, dowry, polygamy and other malpractices which were prevalent in our society. In the 1. 96. 0s new directors like Ritwik Ghatak, Mrinal Sen, and others focused on the real problems of the common man. They directed some outstanding movies which enabled the Indian film industry to carve a niche in the International film scenario. The 1. 95. 0s and 1. Indian cinema and saw the rise of some memorable actors like Guru Dutt, Raj Kapoor, Dilip Kumar, Meena Kumari, Madhubala, Nargis, Nutan, Dev Anand, Waheeda Rehman, among others. This article will be incomplete if the contribution of music in Indian cinema is not mentioned. Songs are an integral part of Indian movies. Presence of songs has given Indian films a distinctive look as compared to international films. The Indian film industry has produced many talented lyricists, music directors and artists. Bollywood – The Pioneer of Masala Movies. The 1. 97. 0s saw the advent of Masala movies in Bollywood. The audiences were captivated and mesmerised by the aura of actors like Rajesh Khanna, Dharmendra, Sanjeev Kumar, Hema Malini, and many others. The most prominent and successful director, Manmohan Desai was considered by several people as the father of Masala movies. According to Manmohan Desai, “I want people to forget their misery. I want to take them into a dream world where there is no poverty, where there are no beggars, where fate is kind and god is busy looking after its flock.”Sholay, the groundbreaking film directed by Ramesh Sippy, not only got international accolades but also made Amitabh Bachchan a . How can we forget the extraordinary and splendid performance of Rekha in the film Umrao Jaan in 1. The 1. 99. 0s saw a whole new batch of actors like Shah Rukh Khan, Salman Khan, Madhuri Dixit, Aamir Khan, Juhi Chawla, Chiranjivi, and many more. This new genre of actors used new techniques to enhance their performances which further elevated and upgraded the Indian Film Industry. Indian film industry as A. R. Rahman received two academy awards for best soundtrack for Slumdog Millionaire. Indian cinema is no longer restricted to India and is now being well appreciated by international audiences. The contribution of the overseas market in Bollywood box office collections is quite remarkable. Around 3. 0 film production companies were listed in National Stock Exchange of India in 2. The multiplexes too have boomed in India due to tax incentives. Indian cinema has become a part and parcel of our daily life whether it is a regional or a Bollywood movie. It has a major role to play in our society. Though entertainment is the key word of Indian cinema it has far more responsibility as it impacts the mind of the audiences. Also Explore : Movies Releasing this Week. Highest Paid Actors in Bollywood. Bollywood Movies Review. Bollywood Movies Review. Bollywood Dialogues Fit for Real- Life Situations. Ten Most Popular Shooting Locations of Bollywood. Highest Bollywood Grossers and Best Songs of 2. Tollywood to Bollywood – Hindi Remakes of South Indian Movies. Famous Celebrities Who End Their Life. Bollywood Celebs Who Left Us Too Early. Weird Superstitions of 1. Bollywood Stars. 10 Bollywood Sequels That Became Hits. History of Indian Cinema. Top 1. 0 Celebrities and the Brands they Endorse. Bollywood Celebrities and their Charity Causes. Film City Mumbai, the magical land of Mumbai. Top 1. 0 Fashion Designers of India. Feluda - Wikipedia. Feluda (Bengali: . Mitter, is a fictional Bengaliprivate investigator starring in a series of Bengali novels of Indian fictional detective novels and short stories written by Indian. Bengali film director and writer Satyajit Ray. Feluda first made his appearance in a Bengali children's magazine called Sandesh in 1. Satyajit and Subhas Mukhopadhyay. His first adventure was Feludar Goendagiri. From the sixth story, Sonar Kella (The Golden Fortress), the duo are joined by a popular thriller writer Jatayu (Lalmohon Ganguli). Feluda has had been filmed at times, with the character been played by Soumitra Chatterjee, Sabyasachi Chakrabarty, Abir Chatterjee and Shashi Kapoor. Satyajit Ray directed two Feluda movies— Sonar Kella (1. Joi Baba Felunath (1. Sandip Ray made a Feluda new film series (Continuation of the original series) on Feluda's adventures which started from Baksho Rahashya (1. In this series he made ten TV films and six theatrical films in Bengali on the character. Sandip Ray also made a stand- alone Feluda film Badshahi Angti (2. Sandip Ray came back to the previous film series. Character development of Feluda. In Kailash Choudharyr Pathar he praises the way Holmes used to draw large conclusions from observations. In Londone Feluda, when Feluda goes to Baker Street, he openly considers Holmes as the . And when Ray himself started writing crime fictions, unsurprisingly, the character Sherlock Holmes inspired his writings. Feluda's character resembles Sherlock Holmes and Tapesh/Topshe's character resembles Dr. In Kailash Choudharyr Pathar he praises the way Holmes used to draw large conclusions from observations. In Londone Feluda, when Feluda goes to Baker Street, he openly considers Holmes as the . In the Feluda series that followed, he was portrayed as a man of around 2. Despite being a strongly built man adept in martial arts, Feluda relies mostly upon his superb analytical ability and observation skill (jokingly referred to as the Magajastra or brain- weapon) to solve cases instead of using physical strength or weapons. He is very choosy about taking up cases and prefers cases that require cerebral effort. He possesses a . 3. Colt revolver, but the weapon is used very infrequently and mostly for non- violent purposes. However, contemporary (2. Feluda stories feature scenes of violence uncharacteristic of the series, where Feluda demonstrates his martial art powers. Feluda is known to be a good sleight- of- hand, and he put that skill to use for solving couple of cases. He is also good at disguises. Feluda often calls a meeting while solving the mystery. The most popular stories of Feluda are- Kailashe Kelenkari, Chinnamastar Abhishap, Darjeeling Jomjomat etc. Feluda' personal life. His father, the late Jaykrishna Mitra, used to teach Mathematics and Sanskrit at Dhaka Collegiate School. Feluda, was in other job before his detective career. He finds an avid listener in his cousin Tapesh. Also, he often uses his oratory skill at the climactic scenes to cajole the culprit in confessing his crime. He is an early riser and is often shown starting his day with yoga. Contrary to his otherwise healthy lifestyle, Feluda enjoys smoking cigarettes and chewing betel leaves. His favourite brand of cigarettes is Charminar. He is a connoisseur of delicious foods, popular music and movies, and books. He has a great appreciation for Sherlock Holmes and, according to the film Tintorettor Jishu, Bruce Lee. Like Sherlock Holmes, he has an voracious reading habit (reflecting that of Ray's own), which add up to his enormous general knowledge. This know- how often comes handy while socialising with people and unravelling mysteries. He always reads about the place he is visiting. He says it comes in handy sometimes. He is also fond of Tintin, specially his cousin Topshe is a fan of Tintin. Some of the Feluda stories and films have many references of The Adventures of Tintin. Other characters. John Watson. Just like the former army surgeon, Topshe is the quintessential accomplice and faithfully records each of Prodosh Mitra's exploits accurately. Topshe is a smart teenager. In the first story of Feluda series (i. Feludar Goyendagiri), Topshe was thirteen and a half where Feluda's age was twenty seven, just the double of Topshe. Though Feluda often teases his young cousin, he is extremely fond and very protective of him. Feluda lives with Topshe's family. Topshe's father, Binay Mitra is the younger brother of Feluda's father, and therefore his uncle, and they all reside at 2. Rajani Sen Road, Kolkata- 7. Formerly, they all used to live in Tara road, Kolkata. Though not mentioned explicitly, Topshe is good- looking, fair, tall and handsome, as per different illustrations made by Satyajit Ray himself. Detailed knowledge regarding Topshe's high school education is not available, but he used to go to school during the adventure of Sonar Kella (the sixth book of Feluda series). In the film adaptation of Sonar Kella, Topshe's mother shows her concern regarding his career and study as he spends a lots of time in case solving with Feluda. By the time of Kailashe Kelenkari (the eighth book of the series) he have had his secondary examination ('Madhyamik Pariksha'). Just like Feluda, Topshe also used to read lot of books to enhance his knowledge. Topshe often gets his lessons from Feluda himself. In many cases, Feluda tests his deductive knowledge and he usually passes the test satisfactorily. In the movie Sonar Kella Topshe's father aptly said that Topshe is a lucky boy who got Feluda as his mentor. Topshe is fond of 'Adventures of Tintin' comic series. In the book Kailashe Kelenkari, he is found reading 'Tintin in Tibet'. Topshe always takes an active part in Feluda's adventure. Though in most cases, he follows Feluda's instructions or indications only, there are times where he himself involves into some action/investigation. To mention a few, he and Jatayu (a. Lalmohan Ganguly) sneak into a warehouse in 'Patan' (in Nepal) to discover vast collection of smuggled narcotics (book Jato Kando Kathmandute); find out the stabbed body of a missing man in a wood (book Darjeeling Jomjomat); replace the pink pearl with a fake for safe- keeping (book Golapi Mukta Rahasya). The last incident even impressed the Feluda also. However, all these activities mainly come in the later part of the series. He also interrogated the suspects in Apsara Theaterer Mamla when Feluda was sick and bed- ridden. Feluda solved the case from the report of that interrogation only. In films and TV serials the character of Feluda has been played by Soumitra Chatterjee, Sabyasachi Chakrabarty and recently Abir Chatterjee, while Topshe has been played by Siddhartha Chatterjee, Saswata Chatterjee, Parambrata Chattopadhyay and Saheb Bhattacharjee over the years. In Sandip Ray's 2. Badshahi Angti, actor Sourav Das had played the role. Lalmohan Ganguli or Jatayu. His crime stories and novels are usually derided as unbelievable, considering that his main character is always the superhero Prakhar Rudra, and in his words, Height: 6 ft 3 1/2 inches, waist: 3. Though all his novels seem to have become best- sellers, he often tends to make extremely silly mistakes such as spelling igloos as 'ilgoos'. In Baksho Rahasya or Mystery of a Box, he confuses hippos with walruses — a tendency that Feluda often tries to correct. He sometimes serves as a perfect foil to the group and in Ray's own words provides 'dollops of humour', although he sometimes does some brave acts not expected of him. He owns a 'Madrasi green' Ambassador car. Jatayu makes his first appearance in Sonar Kella joining Feluda and Topshe in the train at Kanpur, on their way to Jodhpur. In the first two films on Feluda, which were directed by Ray himself, the character was played by Santosh Dutta, and after the first one, Ray modified the literary character to some extent, making him look and behave quite like Dutta himself. In the next films directed by Ray's son, Sandip Ray, this character was played by Mohan Agashe, Rabi Ghosh, Anup Kumar and Bibhu Bhattacharya respectively. Jatayu also has a fantasy of collecting weapons. In various books he carried weapons like ' kukri ' (Nepali knife), smoke bomb etc. Jatayu lives at Garpar in Kolkata, and it may be recalled that Satyajit Ray himself passed his childhood at 1. Garpar. Sidhu Jetha. He is an aged character who has described himself to be like Sherlock Holmes's brother Mycroft, living in Sardar Sankar Road, Lake Market, Kalighat, Kolkata. He is a bibliophile, and has an extensive base of general knowledge, current and historical affairs. He is a close friend of Feluda's father, being former neighbours in their ancestral village in Bangladesh. Feluda's jyatha (that is, uncle) is said to have a 'photographic memory', and is a vast source of information which comes in handy when Feluda is in need of some. His vast knowledge comes from his collection of varied kinds of newspaper clippings which he has accumulated over the years. The role was played by Harindranath Chattopadhyay in Sonar Kella and by Haradhan Banerjee in Kailashe Kelenkari and in Gorosthaney Sabdhan. Following recent Feluda films made by Sandip Ray, Satyajit Ray's son, there have been questions over Sidhu Jyatha's continued relevance in the stories considering technologies such as the internet offer a faster, wider and more effective knowledge base than a well- read person. Haripada Datta. He is a loyal, intelligent and reliable person and is of great help when needed. He played a crucial role in Gorosthaney Sabhdhan where he saved the lives of Feluda, Lalmohon, and Topshe. In Ambar Sen Ontordhan Rohossho, Haripad is seen carrying the ransom to the kidnapper. He also has a minor role in Boshpukery Khunkharapi, where he takes part in a surveillance mission with the rest of the Feluda gang in disguise. Maganlal Meghraj. He has been compared to Professor Moriarty of the Sherlock Holmes- series. Jasimuddin. org. The history of the Bangla calendar is muddled and confused, like many of our histories. But it is relatively easy to pick a logical path through the contradicting beliefs. The calendar used by the Mughals was the Hijri calendar, which is lunar. This caused some problems with the taxpayers, who were mostly farmers, since the months did not coincide with harvesting cycle. So Amir Fatehullah Shiraji was charged with making the necessary calculations for this calendar. The starting date for this new calendar was set at 1. Akbar's acquisition of the throne. At the starting moment, the Bangla year was taken to be the same as the Hijri year. There are some arguments against this theory. Some people ask why the names of the months are in Sanskrit if Muslims formed the calendar. There is also the matter of Hindu festivals, the dates of which are calculated using a mixture of both lunar days and Bangla calendar. The names of the months were determined using the Surya Siddhanta, a complex calculation that calculates the Sun's position in the sky. But this is not the only calendar in the area mind you. Such calendars were already is use, parallel to the Hindu calendar. What is commonly thought is, Akbar took a Hindu calendar and modified it slightly to suit the harvesting seasons. The dates would still be parallel to the Hindu calendar. Why call it the Bengali calendar? To please the freedom- crazed Bangalees, probably the most unruly people during the span of the Mughal era. The day begins with this song, continues through out and ends with it too. Robithakur explicitly defines all that can be possibly imagined to be done on such a festive day. Rally with colorful festoons and models. Streets flushed with color and happiness. There are many countries that follow this calendar due to its compatibility with the harvest season. Pahela Baishakh can be defined as a day when all Bangladeshis leave their differences at their doorsteps and come forward to celebrate in their very own ways. The day is proof enough to say that it is the spirit of being a Bangladeshi, within us, that truly defines our race and unites us. Since 1. 96. 7, this event has been at the centre of Dhaka's Bengali New Year celebrations. Even the horrifying bomb blast in 2. Treasurer of Chhayanat, Dr. Sarwar Ali (one of the founder members of the organisation), went over how the event became a major landmark in Pahela Baishakh celebrations. The organisation sought to counter the fundamentalist ideologies that were forcefully imposed upon the Bengalis during Pakistani rule. Beside, 'Ritu Utshab' (seasonal programmes), there were programmes on Nazrul and Tagore too. In those days, celebrating Bengali New Year was limited to opening 'haal khata,'. Waheedul Haque and Sanjida Khatun conceived and orchestrated Chhayanat's first 'barsho- boron' programme at the altar of the huge 'bot' (banyan) tree (though it's actually an 'ashwattha' tree). One after another, artistes of Chhayanat performed songs of the five poets (Rabindranath, Nazrul, D. L. Roy, Atul Prasad and Rajanikant) along with folk and other traditional songs and recitation. Jharna Sharkar and Hassan Imam recited poems. The programme concluded with a rendition of the National Anthem. However, as the Hijri calendar is a lunar calendar, it does not coincide with the harvest. As a result, farmers were hard- pressed to pay taxes out of season. In order to streamline tax collection, the Mughal Emperor Akbar ordered a reform of the calendar. Accordingly, Fatehullah Shirazi, a renowned scholar and astronomer, formulated the Bangla year on the basis of the lunar Hijri and Bangla solar calendars. The new Fasli San (agricultural year) was introduced on 1. March 1. 58. 4, but was dated from Akbar's ascension to the throne in 1. The new year subsequently became known as B. It was customary to clear up all dues on the last day of Choitro. On the next day, or the first day of the new year, landlords would entertain their tenants with sweets. On this occasion there used to be fairs and other festivities. In due course the occasion became part of domestic and social life, and turned into a day of merriment. The people of India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and some other south- eastern Buddhist countries also have programmes on this day. Apart from us, other speakers of Bangla in India, especially in West Bengal, Assam and Tripura consider the day to be a cultural event. The Assamese call it Bihu, the Burmese, Thingyan and The Thai, Songkran. The Burmese and Thai words originate from the Sanskrit word sangkranti. They call it Baisabi- from Baisu, as the Tripuras call it, Marmas call it Sangrayen and the Chakmas know it as Biju. They celebrate the festival as a major socio- cultural event. They have a celebration spanning three days starting from April 1. Structures of mosques and buildings were changed over the years for 'renovation and development' work. Those features are lost to a greater extent for river encroachment and filling up of canals to make space for housing and to construct roads. The surroundings of these structures contained canals and beautiful gardens. But in Bengal red sand stones were not abundant, so they invented chun- surki (lime and powdered brick) to replicate the effect of red sand stone. For an example Sat Masjid and Lalbagh Fort. It has four pavilions or kiosks on all corners. The Mughals liked enjoying the view of the river sitting inside a kiosk. Daily Star, July 1. In Bengal, Emperor Akbar started the Bengali calender- year on 1. March, 1. 58. 5, but it became effective from 1. March, 1. 58. 6 the day of his ascension to the throne. The basis of the Bengali year is the Hejiri lunar year (Muslim era counted from the year of Muhammad's (SM) going to Medina in 6. AD and the Bengali solar year. The Bengali year was accepted even at the grassroot level. A possible reason for this may be that the basis of the Bengali year is agriculture and the beginning of the Bengali year is a time of collection of taxes from the farmers. For instance, the farmer does not plough the field even if it rains in Chaitra (the last month of the Bengali year and corresponding to mid- march to Mid- April. The fields are generally ploughed in the month of Baisakh (April- May) and the prayer for the rains is also because of this. In this context, Shamsuzzaman Khan hasrightly remarked that Akbar had once started the pan- Indian Islamic year as well as the Bengali year. The Bengali New Year is in summer. Summer is not a pleasant time in Bangladesh. Festivals and merriments are not as much possible in summer as during the beginning of winter or spring. Yet New Year is celebrated in Baisakh. Pallab Sengupta writes: . This, at least, was the custom initially. Later, with the passage of time, it shifted to other seasons due to practical necessities. The custom of beginning the year from January 1 or Baisakh 1 is thus quite foolish. As our country is located in the Tropics the importance of summer in this region is natural. Moreover, the drying up of the canals, rivers and streams at that time and the acute crisis for water makes the tremendous changes in season easily felt. And then comes the Nor'westers like wild buffaloes throwing everything in complete disorder. The rains start immediately lowering the temperature and making the conditions favourable for ploughing. Moreover, the minor seasonal festivals are also regularly held. Bengal has a unique position in this regard. It is clear that its main seasonal festival was in summer. Just as elsewhere in the world, the main seasonal festival have been considered as the New Year festival, the main summer festival of our country is likewise considered as the New Year festival. One feels that the devastating form of nature and the consequent creativity of nature and the consequent creativity of nature that one witnesses in Bangladesh, must have made summer and the summer festivals so important in our ancient culture. Otherwise the New Year celebration and festival of Bangladesh would have been greatly influenced by religion. Our country is largely inhabited by the Hindus, Buddhists, Muslims and Christians but . And the first of Baisakh gradully changed in this way to become the New Year. To the special features of the Bengali New Year that Enamul Huq has mentioned, we can add here that the Bengali New Year saw the addition of a new political dimension from the 6. No season in any other country has such a political aspect. The New Year fairs of our country are also nothing but the changed forms of the oldest 'seasonal festivals' and 'agricultural festivals' of Bangladesh. This is because local agricultural products and handicrafts are sold in these fairs even today. According to a survey, about two hundred fairs are organised throughout Bangladesh on the first day and the first week of Baisakh. During the regime of Ayub Khan in the late sixties, when attack was made against Rabindra Sangeet (Tagore Song) and the Bengali culture, the Chhayanat group organised a programme of Rabindrasangeet on the first of Baisakh under the banyan tree at Ramna to celebrate the New Year. It was a protest against religious fundamentalism. This endeavour by Chhayanat gradually became popular and in the perspective of the freedom movement the Bengali New Year was celebrated in a grand way as a protest against the ideology of the ruling class. After the independence of Bangladesh, the Bengali New Year was declared as public holiday. Thus with the celebration of the New Year at the grass- root level was added the endeavour of the urban people. Its speciality lies in the fact that in spite of being the festival of a country where the majority are Muslims, it is not melancholic. Although the state has been successful in the other areas it has failed to incorporate the religious factor in this case. Moreover, the New Year still adds a new dimension to the movements against tyranny.
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